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He was a member of the kibbutz for 25 years. He died, aged 90, in Jerusalem , Israel. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read View source View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikidata item. The soldier screamed, the second one ran to the entrance, and threw a grenade before he escaped.
Two people were injured. We managed to escape through pre-prepared passages between the attic rooms, and after a few minutes the three of us were back in the bunker. In your affidavit before your testimony in the Eichmann trial you say the following:. It was the last time I walked in the city I was born in, where I have spent twenty years of my life.
The ghetto was in ruins. We arrived at the Umschlag, and were put in, or more precisely, crammed into a train cart. And since not all Majdanek prisoners were immediately put to death, and some of them were left in the concentration camp, I was among those admitted into the camp. Could you tell us about what happened to you after the deportation from the Warsaw Ghetto?
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I was the only one [left alive] from the group that was captured. They were sent to the camp, and so was I, to Majdanek. After a day, I was transferred to a nearby place. I was there for two weeks, and then I was sent to Auschwitz. When we arrived there they had to register the people and their personal information. From then on that man, Wlodzimierz Zawadzki, started taking care of me and even visited in the barracks.
He was happy I told him about the fate of the Jews in Warsaw and about the uprising. Later, when the Germans came to take the Jews, he let me into his room. Later I would clean there. Zawadzki not only gave me food, I had enough to share with others. That was unusual. He asked me questions, and when he saw I knew everyone he started crying in excitement.
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After the war I never met Zawadzki [again]. He was in Warsaw and was much older than me. In Warsaw I had a girlfriend. She was an exceptional woman. She died four or five months before I could help her.
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She had a cousin who later worked in a place I was working in, and she told me my girlfriend had lost the will to live, because she thought I hadn't survived because of my injury. In Auschwitz I was a member of the underground organization. I worked at the [Weichsel-Union-Metallwerke] munitions factory within Auschwitz and together with a friend, who was religious, we transferred explosives into the camp.
That was done through Roza Robota, a member of the underground organization who was also a member of Hashomer Hatzair. I never saw her. There was a joint organization of different political factions. Eventually, the Germans captured Roza, and I remember that when they realized she was a member of a resistance we received a note from her.
However, a book was written about me. When I arrived in Israel I noticed that the Dror Movement members had representation, and therefore their story was highlighted. We, the Hashomer Hatzair members, were represented, but not to the same extent. My aim was to document the historical events, the people and their actions throughout those years.
Although at my age now I think it should have been done. However, several years ago some chapters from my life story were published in Ada Pagis' book "Days of Darkness, Moments of Grace" [Hebrew]. However, in the Eichmann trial you did tell your story. What then, motivated you to testify? At the Eichmann trial they asked that the testimonies given by the witnesses will present the general history of that period.
They wanted me to testify only about what happened in Auschwitz.
I arrived at the conclusion that these events should be presented as historical documents in a wider context that includes information about different organizations, while at the time the documentation was more movement related. As [I] said before, in my writing I was very careful not to create a political, movement related dispute.
For me, these events are too severe to turn them a political debate. What you say implies that the political aspect was a major motive in the documentation of the history of the Holocaust when it started, and that it was written from a political angle. What in your opinion will characterize the nature of future documentation?
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If there is no one to tell, it will never be told. If there are individuals and they speak, it is their duty to speak not only about themselves. I did my best to collectively document what happened, as a researcher of the period. Gutman spent two years in the camps. After the war, he was hospitalized in Austria. He escaped and joined the Jewish Brigade in Italy.
He helped in the rehabilitation of survivors, was active in the Bericha movement, and immigrated to Eretz Israel in He joined Kibbutz Lehavot Habashan where he raised a family and was a member of the kibbutz for 25 years. In he gave testimony during the Eichmann trial. In Israel received his Ph. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.
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Yisrael gutman biography images: Gutman was a professor of history at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and deputy chairman of the International Auschwitz Council at Auschwitz-Birkenau Foundation. [2] He was the editor-in-chief of the Encyclopedia of the Holocaust [2] and won the Yitzhak Sadeh Prize for Military Studies. [3].
Learn more about citation styles Citation styles Encyclopedia. More From encyclopedia. About this article Gutman, Israel Updated About encyclopedia. Gutman, Chaim. Gutman, Alexander B. Gutierrez, Stephen D. Gutman, Nahum.
Gutman, Natalia. Gutmann, Adolph. Gutmann, Amy.