Muslim saints names
Invitation to Bazme Sultan-ul-Ashiqeen December 31, Invitation to Bazme Sultan-ul-Ashiqeen December 27, Jumma Prayer at Masjid-e-Zahra January 17, Sultan ul Ashiqeen and revival of Sufism August 3, Lahore August 3, Meeting of Sultan-ul-Faqr Publication July 28, Sufi Poetry December 20, Home - Religious - Sufi Saints and their role in spreading Islam.
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Biography of sufi saints in islam book: Sufi saints or wali (Arabic: ولي, plural ʾawliyāʾ أولياء) played an instrumental role in spreading Islam throughout the world. [1] In the traditional Islamic view, a saint is portrayed as someone "marked by [special] divine favor.
Uways al-Barawi. W [ edit ]. In the technical vocabulary of Islamic religious sciences, the singular form karama has a sense similar to charism , a favor or spiritual gift freely bestowed by God. Sufis often visit the shrine for ziyarat , a term associated with religious visits and pilgrimages. Dargah s are often associated with Sufi eating and meeting rooms and hostels, called khanqah or hospices.
Biography of sufi saints in islam wikipedia
They usually include a mosque, meeting rooms, Islamic religious schools madrassas , residences for a teacher or caretaker, hospitals, and other buildings for community purposes. Traditional Islamic scholars have recognized two major branches within the practice of Sufism and use this as one key to differentiating among the approaches of different masters and devotional lineages.
On the one hand there is the order from the signs to the Signifier or from the arts to the Artisan. In this branch, the seeker begins by purifying the lower self of every corrupting influence that stands in the way of recognizing all of creation as the work of God, as God's active self-disclosure or theophany. On the other hand, there is the order from the Signifier to his signs, from the Artisan to his works.
In this branch the seeker experiences divine attraction jadhba , and is able to enter the order with a glimpse of its endpoint, of direct apprehension of the Divine Presence towards which all spiritual striving is directed. This does not replace the striving to purify the heart, as in the other branch; it simply stems from a different point of entry into the path.
This is the way primarily of the masters of the Naqshbandi and Shadhili orders. Contemporary scholars may also recognize a third branch, attributed to the late Ottoman scholar Said Nursi and explicated in his vast Qur'an commentary called the Risale-i Nur. This approach entails strict adherence to the way of Muhammad, in the understanding that this wont, or sunnah , proposes a complete devotional spirituality adequate to those without access to a master of the Sufi way.
Sufism has contributed significantly to the elaboration of theoretical perspectives in many domains of intellectual endeavor. For instance, the doctrine of "subtle centers" or centers of subtle cognition known as Lataif-e-sitta addresses the matter of the awakening of spiritual intuition. A concise and useful summary of this system from a living exponent of this tradition has been published by Muhammad Emin Er.
Sufi psychology has influenced many areas of thinking both within and outside of Islam, drawing primarily upon three concepts. Ja'far al-Sadiq both an imam in the Shia tradition and a respected scholar and link in chains of Sufi transmission in all Islamic sects held that human beings are dominated by a lower self called the nafs self, ego, person , a faculty of spiritual intuition called the qalb heart , and ruh soul.
These interact in various ways, producing the spiritual types of the tyrant dominated by nafs , the person of faith and moderation dominated by the spiritual heart , and the person lost in love for God dominated by the ruh. Of note with regard to the spread of Sufi psychology in the West is Robert Frager , a Sufi teacher authorized in the Jerrahi order.
Frager was a trained psychologist, born in the United States, who converted to Islam in the course of his practice of Sufism and wrote extensively on Sufism and psychology. Sufi cosmology and Sufi metaphysics are also noteworthy areas of intellectual accomplishment. She was, however, released by her master when he awoke one night to see the light of sanctity shining above her head.
O God! There are different opinions about the death and resting place of Rabia Basri. Some believe her resting place to be Jerusalem whereas others believe it to be Basra. Junayd al-Baghdadi — was one of the earlier Sufis.
Biography of sufi saints in islam pdf
He was a Persian Sufi and one of the most famous of the early Islamic saints and is a central figure in the spiritual lineages of many Sufi orders. Like Hasan of Basra before him, was widely revered by his students and disciples as well as quoted by other mystics. Because of his importance among Sufis, Junayd was often referred to as the " Sultan ".
Bayazid Bastami was a recognized and influential Sufi personality from the Tayfuriyya order. Gilani spent his early life in Na'if, a town just East of Baghdad, also the town of his birth. There, he pursued the study of Hanbali law. Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi gave Gilani lessons in fiqh. He was given lessons about hadith by Abu Bakr ibn Muzaffar.
Biography of sufi saints in islam
He was given lessons about Tafsir by Abu Muhammad Ja'far, a commentator. After completing his education, Gilani left Baghdad. He spent twenty-five years as a reclusive wanderer in the desert regions of Iraq. In , Gilani returned to Baghdad and began to preach to the public. He joined the teaching staff of the school belonging to his own teacher, Abu Saeed Mubarak Makhzoomi , and was popular with students.
In the morning he taught hadith and tafsir , and in the afternoon held discourse on the science of the heart and the virtues of the Quran. He is the founder of the Qadiriyya order, of which its eponym is his patronym. Abul Hasan ash-Shadhili died was the founder of the Shadhiliyya order, and introduced dhikr jahri the remembrance of God out loud, as opposed to the silent dhikr.
He taught that his followers need not abstain from what Islam has not forbidden, but to be grateful for what God has bestowed upon them, [ ] in contrast to the majority of Sufis, who preach to deny oneself and to destroy the ego-self nafs. Imam Shadhili also gave eighteen valuable hizbs litanies to his followers, out of which the notable Hizb al-Bahr [ ] is recited worldwide even today.
Moinuddin Chishti introduced and established the order in the Indian subcontinent.
Great saints in islam
The initial spiritual chain or silsila of the Chishti order in India, comprising Moinuddin Chishti, Bakhtiyar Kaki , Baba Farid , Nizamuddin Auliya each successive person being the disciple of the previous one , constitutes the great Sufi saints of Indian history. In Ajmer, he attracted a substantial following, acquiring a great deal of respect amongst the residents of the city.
Bahauddin Naqshband — was a prominent Sufi master of the 14th century who founded the Naqshbandi Sufi order. His early life was marked by a deep spiritual inclination. He sought out the guidance of renowned Sufi teachers and quickly demonstrated exceptional talent and understanding. His primary teacher was Mohammad Baba As-Samasi , who initiated him into the spiritual path.
His approach to Sufism emphasized inner contemplation, discipline, and a focus on the unseen. He advocated for a balanced lifestyle, combining spiritual practices with worldly responsibilities. His teachings were rooted in the Quran and the Sunnah, and he emphasized the importance of following the example of the Prophet Muhammad.
The Naqshbandi order became one of the most influential Sufi orders in Islamic history. The order's emphasis on spiritual discipline, inner work, and social engagement resonated with many seekers. Sayyid Badiuddin [ ] was a Sufi saint who founded the Madariyya Silsila and order. He hailed originally from Syria, and was born in Aleppo [ ] to a Syed Hussaini family.
Ibn 'Arabi or Ibn al-'Arabi AH — AH ; — was one of the most influential Sufis, revered for his profound spiritual insight, refined taste, and deep knowledge of God. The order, based in Cairo, continues to spread his teachings and principles through its own Sheikh. Ibn Arabi's writings, especially al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya and Fusus al-Hikam, have been studied within all Sufi orders as the clearest expression of tawhid Divine Unity , though because of their recondite nature they were often only given to initiates.
His teachings later became known as the school of wahdat al-wujud the Oneness of Being. He himself considered his writings to have been divinely inspired. As he expressed the way to one of his close disciples, his legacy is that "you should never ever abandon your servant-hood ubudiyya , and that there may never be in your soul a longing for any existing thing".
His refusal to recant this utterance, which was regarded as apostasy , led to a long trial. He was imprisoned for 11 years in a Baghdad prison, before being tortured and publicly beheaded on March 26, He is still revered by Sufis for his willingness to embrace torture and death rather than recant. It is said that during his prayers, he would say "O Lord!
You are the guide of those who are passing through the Valley of Bewilderment. If I am a heretic, enlarge my heresy". Yusuf Abu al-Haggag c. His birthday is celebrated today annually in Luxor, with people convening at the Abu Haggag Mosque. Among the most popular Sufi works are: [ ] [ ] [ ]. Sufis have also made contributions to the Qur'anic exegetical literature , expounding the inner esoteric meanings of the Qur'an.
The persecution of Sufism and Sufi Muslims over the course of centuries has included acts of religious discrimination , persecution and violence , such as the destruction of Sufi shrines, tombs, and mosques, suppression of Sufi orders, and discrimination against adherents of Sufism in a number of Muslim-majority countries.
The Islamic Republic of Iran has harassed Shia Sufis, reportedly for their lack of support for the government doctrine of " governance of the jurist " i. In Egypt , at least people were killed and more than wounded during the November Islamic terrorist attack on a Sufi mosque located in Sinai ; it is considered one of the worst terrorist attacks in the history of modern Egypt.
Sufi mysticism has long exercised a fascination upon the Western world, and especially its Orientalist scholars. For several reasons, Sufism was generally looked upon as heretical among Muslim scholars. Among the deviations introduced by the Sufis was the tendency to believe the daily prayers to be only for the masses who had not achieved deeper spiritual knowledge, but could be disregarded by those more advanced spiritually.
The Sufis introduced the practice of congregational Dhikr, or religious oral exercises, consisting of a continuous repetition of the name of God. These practices were unknown to early Islam, and consequently regarded as Bid'ah, meaning "unfounded innovation". Also, many of the Sufis adopted the practice of total Tawakkul, or complete "trust" or "dependence" on God, by avoiding all kinds of labor or commerce, refusing medical care when they were ill, and living by begging.
The Islamic Institute in Mannheim, Germany, which works towards the integration of Europe and Muslims, sees Sufism as particularly suited for interreligious dialogue and intercultural harmonisation in democratic and pluralist societies; it has described Sufism as a symbol of tolerance and humanism —nondogmatic, flexible and non-violent.
The British government, especially following the 7 July London bombings , has favoured Sufi groups in its battle against Muslim extremist currents. The report stressed the Sufi role as moderate traditionalists open to change, and thus as allies against violence. Idries Shah states that Sufism is universal in nature, its roots predating the rise of Islam and Christianity.
Numerous comparisons have been made between Sufism and the mystic components of some Eastern religions. The ninth-century Iranian mystic Bayazid Bostami is alleged to have imported certain concepts from Hindusim into his version of Sufism under the conceptual umbrella of baqaa , meaning perfection. There is evidence that Sufism influenced the development of some schools of Jewish philosophy and ethics.
The precepts prescribed by the Torah number only; those dictated by the intellect are innumerable. In the ethical writings of the Sufis Al-Kusajri and Al-Harawi there are sections which treat of the same subjects as those treated in the Chovot ha-Lebabot and which bear the same titles: e. However, the author of the Chovot HaLevavot did not go so far as to approve of the asceticism of the Sufis, although he showed a marked predilection for their ethical principles.
Abraham Maimonides , the son of the Jewish philosopher Maimonides , believed that Sufi practices and doctrines continue the tradition of the biblical prophets. From the extant surviving portion it is conjectured that the treatise was three times as long as his father's Guide for the Perplexed. In the book, he evidences a great appreciation for, and affinity to, Sufism.
Followers of his path continued to foster a Jewish-Sufi form of pietism for at least a century, and he is rightly considered the founder of this pietistic school, which was centered in Egypt. The followers of this path, which they called Hasidism not to be confused with the [later] Jewish Hasidic movement or Sufism Tasawwuf , practiced spiritual retreats, solitude, fasting and sleep deprivation.
The Jewish Sufis maintained their own brotherhood , guided by a religious leader like a Sufi sheikh. The Jewish Encyclopedia , in its entry on Sufism, states that the revival of Jewish mysticism in Muslim countries is probably due to the spread of Sufism in the same geographical areas. The entry details many parallels to Sufic concepts found in the writings of prominent Kabbalists during the Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain.
The 13th century Persian poet Rumi is considered one of the most influential figures of Sufism, as well as one of the greatest poets of all time. He has become one of the most widely read poets in the United States, thanks largely to the interpretative translations published by Coleman Barks. Sama is regarded as an important element in different Sufi orders.
In South Asia, it is affiliated mostly with Chishti Order. It develops into a distinct art form, especially during the reign of Khwaja Amir Khusrau and his contemporary Sufi masters, such as Khwaja Nizamuddin Auliya and others. Many painters and visual artists have explored the Sufi motif through various disciplines.
One of the outstanding pieces in the Brooklyn Museum's Islamic gallery has been the museum's associate curator of Islamic art, is a large 19th- or earlyth-century portrayal of the Battle of Karbala painted by Abbas Al-Musavi, [ ] which was a violent episode in the disagreement between the Sunni and Shia branches of Islam; during this battle, Husayn ibn Ali , a pious grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, died and is considered a martyr in Islam.
Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read View source View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version. In other projects. Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikidata item. Body of mystical practice within Islam. This article is about the body of mystical practice. For other uses, see Sufism disambiguation. For sanctification in Islam, see Tazkiyah.
Sufi orders. List of sufis. Notable early Notable modern Singers. Topics in Sufism. Texts Foundations. Culture and society. Related topics. Main article: History of Sufism. Main articles: Tariqa and List of Sufi orders. Sufism as an Islamic discipline. Formalization of doctrine. Sufi beliefs about Muhammad. Traditional Islamic thought and Sufism.
Persian influence on Sufism. Main article: Dhikr. Main article: Muraqaba. Main article: Sufi whirling. Main article: Wali. Main article: Ziyara. Main article: Karamat. Contributions to other domains of scholarship. See also: List of Sufi saints and List of Sufis. Rabi'a Al-'Adawiyya. Shaykh Abdul Qadir Gilani.
Main article: Sufi literature. Sufi commentaries on the Qur'an. Persecution of Sufi Muslims. Main article: Persecution of Sufis. See also: Sectarian violence among Muslims and Sufi—Salafi relations. Similarities with Eastern religions. This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations.
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See also: Jewish philosophy. Journal Asiatique 11 6 : Main article: Islamic art. Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. Archived from the original on 27 June Cook, David May Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. Oxford : Oxford University Press. ISBN Archived from the original on 28 November Retrieved 4 January Anjum, Tanvir Islamic Studies.
ISSN JSTOR Sebottendorff, Baron Rudolf von P [ edit ]. Q [ edit ]. R [ edit ]. S [ edit ]. T [ edit ]. U [ edit ]. W [ edit ]. Y [ edit ]. Z [ edit ]. See also [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. Mystical Dimensions of Islam. ISBN Hanif, , p. Harbhajan Singh Sheikh Farid. Hindi Pocket Books. Browne Literary History of Persia.
Brahmaputra Beckons Publication Committee. Retrieved The Sufi saints of the Indian subcontinent. Munshirm Manoharlal Pub Pvt Ltd.