Short biography of martin luther
His refusal led to his excommunication by the pope and his designation as an outlaw by the emperor.
Fujiwo ishimoto biography of martin luther the reformer
Luther passed away in , still excommunicated. Luther returned to Wittenberg in and spent the next years organizing a new church, later named the Lutheran Church. He translated the entire Bible into German, a monumental achievement that standardized the German language and made the holy text accessible to the general populace.
He wrote hymns, fostering a new importance for music in church services. He emphasized the value of marriage and family life, marrying Katharina von Bora, a former nun, in He believed every Christian had the right to read and interpret the Scriptures. In his later years, Luther wrote extensively, though some of his works from this period, particularly those concerning Jews and their faith, are considered controversial and anti-Semitic.
Luther on his deathbed, painting by German painter Lucas Cranach the Elder.
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He suffered from various ailments, including arthritis, heart problems, and digestive disorders. He died on February 18, , in the city of his birth, Eisleben. Martin Luther, born in Eisleben, Germany in , played a pivotal role in the Protestant Reformation. He is credited with starting the Protestant Reformation, which led to the creation of numerous Protestant denominations.
His translation of the Bible democratized access to the Scriptures, fostering biblical literacy among laypeople. His writings against Jews have been cited as precursors to later anti-Semitic movements. Regardless of the multifaceted views on Luther, his profound impact on Christianity and Western culture is undeniable. His emphasis on individual faith, grace, and direct access to the Scriptures remains foundational.
Fujiwo ishimoto biography of martin luther king
Martin Luther was a German monk, theologian, and professor who is best known for sparking the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century by challenging various teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Martin Luther was born in in Eisleben, Saxony, Germany, to Hans, a copper miner, and Margarethe, from a business-oriented family.
Today, his birthplace stands as a museum and historic site, commemorating his profound impact on Christianity and European history. Martin Luther began his advanced education at the University of Erfurt in , a renowned institution in Germany. There, he immersed himself in a diverse curriculum encompassing law, philosophy, and the humanities.
As he delved deeper into these studies, Luther faced a spiritual crossroads. This internal conflict and quest for understanding set the stage for a significant spiritual transformation, laying the groundwork for the pivotal role he would soon play in religious history. In , Martin Luther faced a pivotal moment in his life.
At 22, while journeying during a fierce thunderstorm, he was struck by the sheer terror of a lightning strike. In his fear, he invoked St. True to his word, after surviving the ordeal, Luther renounced his legal aspirations and joined the Augustinian monastery in Erfurt. James L. Schaaf, Philadelphia: Fortress Press, —93, —5. Viking Penguin, , pp.
Schaaf, Philadelphia: Fortress Press, —93, Fortress Press. Retrieved 14 May Luther and His Times. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, , Church History. JSTOR New York: Penguin, , 40— Luther The Reformer. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress Publishing House, , New York: Penguin, , 44— Schaaf, Philadelphia: Fortress Press, —93, — New York: Cambridge University Press, , 88— Retrieved 13 July Archived from the original on 15 June Albert offered seven thousand ducats for the seven deadly sins.
They compromised on ten thousand, presumably not for the Ten Commandments". Bainton, Roland. These "Anti-theses" were a reply to Luther's Ninety-five Theses and were drawn up by Tetzel's friend and former professor, Konrad Wimpina. Quisquis ergo dicit, non citius posse animam volare, quam in fundo cistae denarius possit tinnire, errat.
In: D. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Uitgeverij Bert Bakker, , Luther , Frankfurt Hunter Publishing, Inc. Retrieved 7 February The Renaissance and Reformation Movements , St. Reformation — Concordia Seminary, St. Archived from the original on 19 August Retrieved 28 March Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation.
New York: Oxford University Press, , Oswald and Helmut T. Lehmann eds , Vol. John , author of Revelation , had been exiled on the island of Patmos. Dickens cites as an example of Luther's "liberal" phraseology: "Therefore I declare that neither pope nor bishop nor any other person has the right to impose a syllable of law upon a Christian man without his own consent".
Pelikan, Hilton C. Oswald, Luther's Works , 55 vols. Louis and Philadelphia: Concordia Pub. House and Fortress Press, — , 50— Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Retrieved 17 May ; Bainton, Mentor edition, Eine Biographie in German. Munich: C. Retrieved 17 May ; Mullett, — On one occasion, Luther referred to the elector as an "emergency bishop" Notbischof.
Lutheran Reformation. Lutheran Church — Missouri Synod. Retrieved 7 October Philadelphia: Fortress Press, , —; Bainton, Mentor edition, Arand, "Luther on the Creed.
Fujiwo ishimoto biography of martin luther
Hans J. The Library of Congress. Retrieved 2 June World Digital Library. Journal of Hebrew Scriptures. ISSN Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft. William Orme London: , Boston, "a new edition, with notes and an appendix by Ezra Abbot". New York: Appleton. Studia Instrumentorum. Retrieved 23 March Es ist eine unbedingte Notwendigkeit, dass der Deutsche zu seinen Liedern auch ein echt deutsches Begleitinstrument besitzt.
Liederheft von C. Archived from the original on 14 October Leaver, "Luther's Catechism Hymns. Leaver, "Luther's Catechism Hymns: 5.
Biography of martin luther king: Martin Luther (born November 10, , Eisleben, Saxony [now in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany]—died February 18, , Eisleben) was a German theologian and religious reformer who was the catalyst of the 16th-century Protestant Reformation.
Franz Pieper Christliche Dogmatik , 3 vols. A sleep of the soul which includes enjoyment of God says Luther cannot be called a false doctrine. Klug, ed. Louis: CPH , ; "Sufficit igitur nobis haec cognitio, non egredi animas ex corporibus in periculum cruciatum et paenarum inferni, sed esse eis paratum cubiculum, in quo dormiant in pace.
Archived from the original on 10 October Retrieved 15 August Pieper writes: "Luther speaks more guardedly of the state of the soul between death and resurrection than do Gerhard and the later theologians, who transfer some things to the state between death and resurrection which can be said with certainty only of the state after the resurrection" Christian Dogmatics , , footnote Karl Friedrich Theodor Lachmann — p.
Tode ruhe, leugneten auch die nicht, welche ihr Wachen behaupteten :c. Ueberhaupt ist mit Luthers Ansehen bey der ganzen Streitigkeit nichts zu gewinnen. Christopf Stephan Elsperger Gottlieb p. Homo enim in hac vita defatigatus diurno labore, sub noctem intrat in cubiculum suum tanquam in pace, ut ibi dormiat, et ea nocte fruitur quiete, neque quicquam scit de ullo malo sive incendii, sive caedis.
Anima autem non sic dormit, sed vigilat, et patitur visiones loquelas Angelorum et Dei. Ideo somnus in futura vita profundior est quam in hac vita et tamen anima coram Deo vivit. Hac similitudine, quam habeo a somno viventia. Emphasis added. The siege was lifted on 14 October , which Luther saw as a divine miracle.
Sonntag, Minneapolis: Lutheran Press, , 23— Sonntag, Minneapolis: Lutheran Press, , 11— Luther's Works — There he writes: "Dear God, should it be unbearable that the holy church confesses itself a sinner, believes in the forgiveness of sins, and asks for remission of sin in the Lord's Prayer?
How can one know what sin is without the law and conscience? And how will we learn what Christ is, what he did for us, if we do not know what the law is that he fulfilled for us and what sin is, for which he made satisfaction? Luther's Works 41, —, —, — There he said about the antinomians: "They may be fine Easter preachers, but they are very poor Pentecost preachers, for they do not preach de sanctificatione et vivificatione Spiritus Sancti , "about the sanctification by the Holy Spirit," but solely about the redemption of Jesus Christ" Luther, Only the Decalogue Is Eternal, 33— Luther, Only the Decalogue Is Eternal , 76, — Luther, Only the Decalogue Is Eternal , , Luther, Only the Decalogue Is Eternal , 75, —, — Luther, Only the Decalogue Is Eternal , Luther, Only the Decalogue Is Eternal , "The law, therefore, cannot be eliminated, but remains, prior to Christ as not fulfilled, after Christ as to be fulfilled, although this does not happen perfectly in this life even by the justified.
This will happen perfectly first in the coming life. Luther, Only the Decalogue Is Eternal, , 43—44, 91— Schaaf, Philadelphia: Fortress Press, —93, 3: Holy Hatred: Christianity, Antisemitism, and the Holocaust. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, , ; Mullett, Luther's Last Battles. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, , Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B.
Eerdmans Publishing Company. Early Yiddish in Non-Jewish Books". In Katz, Dovid ed. Pergamon Press. OCLC Retrieved 22 February — via Google Books. Oxford University Press. Outreach Judaism. Retrieved 20 July A short life-history years after his death". PMID Sermon No. Luther and the Reformation. Admonition against the Jews , added to his final sermon, cited in Oberman, Heiko.
A complete translation of Luther's Admonition can be found in Wikisource. Nottingham: IVP, , p. The Cambridge companion to Martin Luther. Cambridge companions to religion. Cambridge University Press. Hoc est verum. Martin H. Bertram St. Kaiser, p. No judgment could be sharper. Baylor University. Archived from the original on 22 April Retrieved 22 April New York: Penguin Books Ltd, , pp.
Hillerbrand writes: "His strident pronouncements against the Jews, especially toward the end of his life, have raised the question of whether Luther significantly encouraged the development of German anti-Semitism. Although many scholars have taken this view, this perspective puts far too much emphasis on Luther and not enough on the larger peculiarities of German history.
Luther's Last Battles: Politics and Polemics — Philadelphia: Fortress, , ; Rupp, Gordon. Martin Luther , 75; Siemon-Netto, Uwe. Lutheran Witness , In: Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte Vol. Christopher Probst. The Theologian. Retrieved 20 March Strommen et al. Archived from the original PDF on 18 April Retrieved 25 March American Historical Review.
Unless I am convinced by the testimony of the Holy Scriptures or by evident reason-for I can believe neither pope nor councils alone, as it is clear that they have erred repeatedly and contradicted themselves-I consider myself convicted by the testimony of Holy Scripture, which is my basis; my conscience is captive to the Word of God.
Here I stand, I can do no other. God help me. Luther took a stand that his highest authority was going to be the Word of God, regardless of what the church taught. To protect his life, his friends kidnapped him and hid him away in Wartburg Castle. Here he hid for ten months in disguise. He grew a beard and took the name Junker Jorge, or Knight George.
He was not simply laying low.
During his time in exile, Luther undertook the translation of the New Testament into the language of the German people. Remember, at this time Scripture was only available in Latin. Reading and studying Scripture was something reserved only for the academics and the elite. Luther did not simply take the Vulgate and translate the Latin into German.
He translated his German New Testament out of the original Greek. Within three months Luther had translated the whole of the New Testament. This is an amazing feat, and is even more so considering the monumental impact that this translation would have on the German people. For the first time, an ordinary believer could read the Bible for themselves.
Luther was helped by his friend and fellow reformer Phillip Melanchthon a much better Greek scholar and, having begun the New Testament in November or December of , completed it in March of — just before he left Wartburg Castle to return to Wittenberg. After some revising, the German New Testament was made available in September of Luther immediately set to work on translating the Old Testament.
The first five books, the Pentateuch, appeared in and the Psalms were finished in By the entire Bible had been translated. This was not the first German translation, but it was the finest and became the primary Bible of the German people. Luther knew that for the people to return to the truth of the Gospel — that we are saved by grace through faith in Jesus Christ, they needed Scripture in their own language.
If Luther had done nothing else, had never preached a sermon, had never written a treatise, had never insulted a pope, had never taken a stand at Worms, his translating of Scripture into German would have propelled the Reformation onward. Because the Bible was no longer in a foreign language, but the language of the people, the Reformation was not dependent on the works of any of the Reformers but depended instead on the Word of God.
The people consumed the Word at an phenomenal rate. On Wittenberg printer sold about a hundred thousand copies in 40 years, which is an enormously large number at that age, and these copies were read and reread by millions of Germans. I deserve nothing better; for all my wish has been to lead souls to the Bible, so that they might afterwards neglect my writings.
Great God! Translating Scripture into the language of the common people would become a hallmark of the Protestant Reformation, with translations in Spanish, French, English, and other languages close behind. And take hold it did. When a peasant revolt began in , Luther denounced the peasants and sided with the rulers, whom he depended on to keep his church growing.
Thousands of peasants were killed, but the Lutheran Church grew over the years. In , Luther married Katharina von Bora, a former nun who had abandoned the convent and taken refuge in Wittenberg. Born into a noble family that had fallen on hard times, at the age of five Katharina was sent to a convent. She and several other reform-minded nuns decided to escape the rigors of the cloistered life, and after smuggling out a letter pleading for help from the Lutherans, Luther organized a daring plot.
With the help of a fishmonger, Luther had the rebellious nuns hide in herring barrels that were secreted out of the convent after dark - an offense punishable by death. Luther ensured that all the women found employment or marriage prospects, except for the strong-willed Katharina, who refused all suitors except Luther himself. The scandalous marriage of a disgraced monk to a disgraced nun may have somewhat tarnished the reform movement, but over the next several years, the couple prospered and had six children.
Katharina proved herself a more than a capable wife and ally, as she greatly increased their family's wealth by shrewdly investing in farms, orchards and a brewery. She also converted a former monastery into a dormitory and meeting center for Reformation activists. Luther later said of his marriage, "I have made the angels laugh and the devils weep.
From to his death in , Luther served as the dean of theology at University of Wittenberg. During this time he suffered from many illnesses, including arthritis, heart problems and digestive disorders. The physical pain and emotional strain of being a fugitive might have been reflected in his writings. Some works contained strident and offensive language against several segments of society, particularly Jews and, to a lesser degree, Muslims.
Luther died following a stroke on February 18, , at the age of 62 during a trip to his hometown of Eisleben. He was buried in All Saints' Church in Wittenberg, the city he had helped turn into an intellectual center. Luther's teachings and translations radically changed Christian theology. Thanks in large part to the Gutenberg press, his influence continued to grow after his death, as his message spread across Europe and around the world.