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He organized peaceful protests, boycotts, and acts of civil disobedience, such as the Salt Satyagraha, where he and his followers marched to the sea to make their own salt in defiance of British salt taxes. These actions helped to unite the Indian people and draw international attention to their cause. Growing up in a Hindu family, Gandhi was heavily influenced by his devout mother and the teachings of Jainism, a religion that promotes non-violence and compassion towards all living beings.
Gandhi's education began at a local primary school and later continued in Rajkot, where he excelled in academics but struggled with social interactions. This would later shape his views on social reform and equality. During his teenage years, Gandhi was heavily influenced by the works of Leo Tolstoy, a Russian writer and philosopher who advocated for non-violent resistance against oppression.
Gandhi also drew inspiration from the teachings of Jesus Christ and the Bhagavad Gita, an ancient Hindu scripture. At the age of 19, Gandhi left for London to study law. It was during this time that he was exposed to Western ideologies and became more aware of the injustices faced by Indians living under British rule. Returning to India in , Gandhi began practicing law but soon faced discrimination due to his ethnicity.
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This experience further fueled his passion for social justice and inspired him to become an activist for Indian rights. Political Impact The political impact of Mahatma Gandhi cannot be overstated. He played a crucial role in shaping India's political landscape and promoting social justice. Through his use of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience, Gandhi led the Indian independence movement against British rule in the early 20th century.
His philosophy of ahimsa, or nonviolence, not only inspired Indian citizens to fight for their rights peacefully, but also influenced other leaders and movements around the world. Gandhi's activism and advocacy for social justice went beyond just the fight for independence. He also campaigned for the rights of women, the untouchables, and other marginalized communities in India.
His efforts helped to bring about important social reforms, such as the abolition of child marriage and the caste system. Even after India gained independence in , Gandhi continued to play a significant role in shaping the country's political landscape. He advocated for religious unity and worked towards peace and harmony between Hindus and Muslims.
Gandhi announced that he would lead a march to break the salt law as the law gave the state the Monopoly on the manufacturing and sale of salt. Gandhi along with his 78 followers started his march from his ashram in Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi in Gujarat where they broke the salt law of the government by gathering natural salt and boiling seawater to produce salt which also marked the beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement.
Mahatma Gandhi accepted the truce offered by Irwin and called off the civil disobedience movement and accepted to attend the second-round table conference in London as the representative of INC. After returning from London, he relaunched the civil disobedience movement but by it had lost its momentum. Read More: Gandhi Irwin Pact.
Biography of mahatma gandhi hindi: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi[c] (2 October – 30 January ) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule. He inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.
It was introduced following the Round Table Conference — and expanded the separate electorate to depressed Classes and other minorities. It is also known as the MacDonald Award. The main purpose of the communal award was to maintain a separate electorate for Muslims, Sikhs and Europeans. Poona Pact , : It was the pact reached between B.
R Ambedkar and Gandhiji concerning the communal awards provided for the depressed class but, in the end for the upliftment of the marginalized communities of the Indian society both came on the same understandings. Quit India Movement : The outbreak of World War II in and the last and crucial phase of the national struggle in India came together with the failure of the Cripps Mission in which gave the immediate reason for the launch of the Quit India movement.
Gandhiji demanded British leave India with immediate effect. He called for a mass movement that was followed by non-violence. Most of the major leaders of Congress including Mahatma Gandhi were arrested. Mahatma Gandhi developed a set of religious and social ideas initially during his period in South Africa from to and later during the freedom struggle movement in India.
Major Gandhian ideologies are as follows. Nonviolence is an active love, that is, the polar opposite of violence, in every sense. Nonviolence or love can be considered the highest law of humankind. Satyagraha It is a method of getting our rights through nonviolent action, that is, through self-suffering and penance instead of inflicting injury on others.
Satyagraha was demonstrated through the boycotting of British goods, non-payment of taxes, and peaceful protests. One of the key aspects of Satyagraha was the willingness to endure suffering without retaliation. Gandhi emphasized that the power of Satyagraha came from the moral purity and courage of its practitioners, not from the desire to inflict harm on the opponent.
The effectiveness of Satyagraha was evident in various campaigns led by Gandhi, both in South Africa and later in India. In India, the Satyagraha movement gained momentum with significant events such as the Champaran agitation against the indigo planters, the Kheda peasant struggle, and the nationwide protests against the British salt taxes through the Salt March.
These movements not only mobilized the Indian people against British rule but also demonstrated the strength and resilience of non-violent resistance. Through Satyagraha, Gandhi sought to bring about a moral awakening both within India and among the British authorities. He believed that true victory was not the defeat of the opponent but the achievement of justice and harmony.
After spending over two decades in South Africa, fighting for the rights of the Indian community there, Mahatma Gandhi decided it was time to return to India. His decision was influenced by his desire to take part in the struggle for Indian independence from British rule. In , Gandhi arrived back in India, greeted by a nation on the cusp of change.
Upon his return, he chose not to plunge directly into the political turmoil but instead spent time traveling across the country to understand the complex fabric of Indian society. This journey was crucial for Gandhi as it allowed him to connect with the people, understand their struggles, and gauge the extent of British exploitation.
He established an ashram in Ahmedabad, which became a base for his activities and a sanctuary for those who wanted to join his cause. His efforts during these early years back in India laid the groundwork for the massive civil disobedience campaigns that would follow. This act allowed the British authorities to imprison anyone suspected of sedition without trial, sparking widespread outrage across India.
Gandhi called for a nationwide Satyagraha against the act, advocating for peaceful protest and civil disobedience. The movement gained significant momentum but also led to the tragic Jallianwala Bagh massacre , where British troops fired on a peaceful gathering, resulting in hundreds of deaths. This event was a turning point for Gandhi and the Indian independence movement, leading to an even stronger resolve to resist British rule non-violently.
In the years that followed, Gandhi became increasingly involved with the Indian National Congress, shaping its strategy against the British government. He advocated for non-cooperation with the British authorities, urging Indians to withdraw from British institutions, return honors conferred by the British empire, and boycott British-made goods.
On March 12, , Gandhi began a mile march from his ashram in Sabarmati to the coastal village of Dandi on the Arabian Sea. His aim was to produce salt from the sea, which was a direct violation of British laws. Over the course of the day march, thousands of Indians joined him, drawing international attention to the Indian independence movement and the injustices of British rule.
The march culminated on April 6, when Gandhi and his followers reached Dandi, and he ceremoniously violated the salt laws by evaporating sea water to make salt. This act was a symbolic defiance against the British Empire and sparked similar acts of civil disobedience across India. He became a leader of South Africa's Indian community, his activism covered by newspapers in England and India.
In after three years in South Africa, Gandhi sailed to India to bring his wife and two sons back with him, returning in November.
Gandhi's ship was quarantined at the harbor for 23 days, but the real reason for the delay was an angry mob of whites at the dock who believed Gandhi was returning with Indians who would overrun South Africa. Gandhi sent his family to safety, but he was assaulted with bricks, rotten eggs, and fists. Police escorted him away.
Gandhi refuted the claims against him but refused to prosecute those involved. The violence stopped, strengthening Gandhi's prestige. Influenced by the "Gita," Gandhi wanted to purify his life by following the concepts of aparigraha nonpossession and samabhava equitability. The settlement focused on eliminating needless possessions and living in full equality.
Gandhi moved his family and his newspaper, the Indian Opinion , to the settlement. In , believing that family life was detracting from his potential as a public advocate, Gandhi took the vow of brahmacharya abstinence from sex. He simplified his vegetarianism to unspiced, usually uncooked foods—mostly fruits and nuts, which he believed would help quiet his urges.
Gandhi believed that his vow of brahmacharya allowed him the focus to devise the concept of satyagraha in late In the simplest sense, satyagraha is passive resistance, but Gandhi described it as "truth force," or natural right. He believed exploitation was possible only if the exploited and the exploiter accepted it, so seeing beyond the current situation provided power to change it.
In practice, satyagraha is nonviolent resistance to injustice. There would be no winners or losers; all would understand the "truth" and agree to rescind the unjust law. It required all Indians to be fingerprinted and carry registration documents at all times. Indians refused fingerprinting and picketed documentation offices. Protests were organized, miners went on strike, and Indians illegally traveled from Natal to the Transvaal in opposition to the act.
Many protesters, including Gandhi, were beaten and arrested. After seven years of protest, the Black Act was repealed.
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The nonviolent protest had succeeded. After 20 years in South Africa, Gandhi returned to India. By the time he arrived, press reports of his South African triumphs had made him a national hero. He traveled the country for a year before beginning reforms.
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Gandhi found that his fame conflicted with observing conditions of the poor, so he wore a loincloth dhoti and sandals, the garb of the masses, during this journey. In cold weather, he added a shawl. This became his lifetime wardrobe. Gandhi founded another communal settlement in Ahmadabad called Sabarmati Ashram. For the next 16 years, Gandhi lived there with his family.
He was also given the honorary title of Mahatma, or "Great Soul. Peasants viewed Gandhi as a holy man, but he disliked the title because it implied he was special. He viewed himself as ordinary. After the year ended, Gandhi still felt stifled because of World War I. As part of satyagraha , Gandhi had vowed never to take advantage of an opponent's troubles.
With the British in a major conflict, Gandhi couldn't fight them for Indian freedom. Instead, he used satyagraha to erase inequities among Indians.
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Gandhi persuaded landlords to stop forcing tenant farmers to pay increased rent by appealing to their morals and fasted to convince mill owners to settle a strike. Because of Gandhi's prestige, people didn't want to be responsible for his death from fasting. When the war ended, Gandhi focused on the fight for Indian self-rule swaraj. In , the British handed Gandhi a cause: the Rowlatt Act, which gave the British nearly free rein to detain "revolutionary" elements without trial.
Gandhi organized a hartal strike , which began on March 30, Unfortunately, the protest turned violent.