When was herodotus born and died
The History of Herodotus. New York: D. Appleton and Company. Translated by Rawlinson, George. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on 1 December London: John Murray. Retrieved 5 August A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire.
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The 'Father of History', Herodotus, was born at Halicarnassus, and before his emigration to mainland Greece was a subject of the Persian empire. The Persian Empire: A historical encyclopedia. Retrieved 26 January The Histories. Translated by de Selincourt, Aubrey. Introduction and notes by John Marincola. Penguin Books. Encyclopedia of World Biography.
The Gale Group.
Retrieved 11 March The Histories by Herodotus. Translated by Waterfield, Robin. Archived from the original on 27 January Retrieved 16 November The Peloponnesian War. Greenwood Publishing Group. Herodotus and Greek History. Taylor and Francis. The Oxford History of the Classical World. Oxford University Press. The Genius of Sophocles.
Oxford Academic. Retrieved 27 September World History Encyclopedia. Stony Brook Undergraduate History Journal.
Archived from the original on 12 October Sources [ edit ]. Archambault, Paul Multicultural Writers from Antiquity to a bio-bibliographical sourcebook. A Commentary on Herodotus, Books 1—4. Aubin, Henry The Rescue of Jerusalem. New York: Soho Press. Baragwanath, Emily; de Bakker, Mathieu Oxford Bibliographies Online Research Guide.
Herodotus; Blanco, Walter New York: W. Boedeker, Deborah In Depew, Mary; Obbink, Dirk eds. Matrices of Genre: Authors, Canons, and Society. Harvard University Press. Cameron, Alan Greek Mythography in the Roman World. Dalley, S. In Derow, P. Herodotus and his World. New York: Oxford University Press. Diop, Cheikh Anta The African Origin of Civilization.
Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books.
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Civilization or Barbarism. Evans, J. Classical Journal. Farley, David G. Modernist Travel Writing: Intellectuals Abroad. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. Fehling, Detlev []. Translated by Howie, J. Leeds: Francis Cairns. Fehling, Detlev In von Martels, Z. Brill's studies in intellectual history.
Leiden: Brill. Gould, John Historians on historians. Heeren, A. Oxford: D. Immerwahr, Henry R. In Easterling, P. Such biographical details may or may not be accurate. Lygdamis is reliably attested as tyrant of Halicarnassus in an epigraphical source, and the numerous references to Samos in the Histories suggest that Herodotus did have a close connection with the island, lending some credence to this account.
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Indeed, it may have been on Samos that Herodotus learned the Ionian dialect, in which his Histories are written. The internal evidence of the text of the Histories suggests that Herodotus at least visited southern Italy—he sometimes draws comparison with southern Italian examples to explain a point e. It was popularly believed in much of antiquity that Herodotus spent part of his life in Thurii and possibly died there.
Other sources claim that Herodotus spent time in Athens. Herodotus was also linked to the circle of Pericles, the great democratic statesman of fifth-century Athens, and may have been friendly with Sophocles, the tragic playwright. He also passes on reports from Phoenician sailors that, while circumnavigating Africa, they 'saw the sun on the right side while sailing westwards.
As the work progresses, it becomes apparent that Herodotus is fulfilling his opening desire -- to "prevent the great and wonderful actions of the Greeks and the Barbarians from losing their due meed of glory, and to put on record what causes first brought them into conflict. Indeed, it is only from this perspective that his opening discussion of ancient wife-stealing is comprehensible: he is attempting to discover who first made the "West" and the "East" mutual antagonists, and myth is the only source he can delve into for information on the subject.
The first six books deal broadly with the growth of the Persian Empire. The tale begins with an account of the first 'western' monarch to enter into conflict with an 'eastern' people -- Croesus of Lydia attacked the Greek city-states of Ionia and then misinterpreting a cryptic oracle also attacked the Persians.
As occurs many times throughout The Histories to those who disregard good advice, Croesus soon lost his kingdom and nearly his life. The second book forms a lengthy digression concerning the history of Egypt, which Cyrus' successor, Cambyses, annexed to the Empire. The following four books deal with the further growth of the Empire under Darius, the Ionian Revolt, and the burning of Sardis an act participated in by Athens and at least one other Greek polis.
The sixth book describes the very first Persian incursion into Greece, an attack upon those who aided the Ionians, and a quest for retribution following the attack upon Sardis, which ended with the defeat of the Persians in BC at the Battle of Marathon, near Athens. The last three books describe the attempt of the Persian king Xerxes to avenge the Persian defeat at Marathon and to absorb Greece into the Empire finally.
Essay summary examples: Herodotus (born bce?, Halicarnassus, Asia Minor [now Bodrum, Turkey]?—died c. –) was the Greek author of the first great narrative history produced in the ancient world, the History of the Greco-Persian Wars.
The Histories end in the year BC, with the Persian invaders having suffered both a crushing naval defeat at Salamis and near utter annihilation of their ground forces at Plataea. The Persian Empire thus receded to the Aegean coastline of Asia Minor, still threatening but much chastened. Although his accounts may not have all been completely historically factual as a result, they do provide readers with a look into the various historical situations at the time.
Herodotus is respected for his honesty, and a sizeable portion of The Histories has indeed since been confirmed by modern historians and archaeologists. According to Lucian a Hellenised Syrian satirist , Herodotus took The Histories to the Olympic Games and read his entire work to the spectators in one sitting, receiving rapturous applause.
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However, a very different account by an ancient grammarian says Herodotus refused to begin reading his work at the festival of Olympia until some clouds offered him a bit of shade, by which time the assembly had dispersed. Herodotus was interested in human nature and relationships to the divine, believing that human beings were subject to the whims of the gods who controlled their destiny.
He was also influenced by the works of other ancient authors, including Homer and Hesiod, believing their works provided valuable insights into the culture and values of the ancient Greeks. His work influenced countless other historians and writers over the centuries, and has also had a lasting impact on the field of history itself, with his method of objective, critical inquiry and analysis becoming an indispensable part of intellectual study for historians.
Background: Public Domain. Here we explore more about this groundbreaking historian. In the 5th century BC the world's first super power, the Persian Empire, went to war against a ragtag collection of cities and statelets on its western frontier.