Autobiography of malcolm x chapters
In the searing pages of this classic autobiography, originally published in , Malcolm X, the Muslim leader, firebrand, and anti-integrationist, tells the extraordinary story of his life and the growth of the Black Muslim movement to veteran writer and journalist Alex Haley.
Autobiography of malcolm x pages
In a unique collaboration, Haley worked with Malcolm X for nearly two years, interviewing, listening to, and understanding the most controversial leader of his time. Raised in Lansing, Michigan, Malcolm Little journeyed on a road to fame as astonishing as it was unpredictable. Drifting from childhood poverty to petty crime, Malcolm found himself in jail.
It was there that he came into contact with the teachings of a little-known Black Muslim leader renamed Elijah Muhammad. The newly renamed Malcolm X devoted himself body and soul to the teachings of Elijah Muhammad and the world of Islam, becoming the Nation's foremost spokesman. When his conscience forced him to break with Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm founded the Organization of Afro-American Unity to reach African Americans across the country with an inspiring message of pride, power, and self-determination.
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Donate icon An illustration of a heart shape "Donate to the archive" User icon An illustration of a person's head and chest. Sign up Log in. Search icon An illustration of a magnifying glass. Metropolitan Museum Cleveland Museum of Art. Rampersad suggests that Haley understood autobiographies as "almost fiction". But there is no Malcolm untouched by doubt or fiction.
Malcolm's Malcolm is in itself a fabrication; the 'truth' about him is impossible to know. Du Bois inadequate to fully express black humanity as it struggles with oppression, "while Malcolm is seen as the apotheosis of black individual greatness Its second Malcolm—the El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz finale—is a mask with no distinct ideology, it is not particularly Islamic, not particularly nationalist, not particularly humanist.
Autobiography of malcolm x pdf
Like any well crafted icon or story, the mask is evidence of its subject's humanity, of Malcolm's strong human spirit. But both masks hide as much character as they show. The first mask served a nationalism Malcolm had rejected before the book was finished; the second is mostly empty and available. To Eakin, a significant portion of the Autobiography involves Haley and Malcolm X shaping the fiction of the completed self.
And [James Hal] Cone asserts that he became an internationalist with a humanist bent. Marable argues autobiographical "memoirs" are "inherently biased", representing the subject as he would appear with certain facts privileged, others deliberately omitted. Autobiographical narratives self-censor, reorder event chronology, and alter names.
Autobiography of malcolm x review: in , Malcolm X, the Muslim leader, firebrand, and anti-integrationist, tells the extraordinary story of his life and the growth of the Black Muslim movement. His fascinating perspective on the lies and limitations of the American Dream, and the inherent racism in a society that denies its nonwhite citizens the opportunity to dream.
According to Marable, "nearly everyone writing about Malcolm X" has failed to critically and objectively analyze and research the subject properly. Further, Marable believes the "most talented revisionist of Malcolm X, was Malcolm X", [ 68 ] who actively fashioned and reinvented his public image and verbiage so as to increase favor with diverse groups of people in various situations.
My life in particular never has stayed fixed in one position for very long. You have seen how throughout my life, I have often known unexpected drastic changes. Haley writes that during the last months of Malcolm X's life "uncertainty and confusion" about his views were widespread in Harlem, his base of operations.
The Autobiography of Malcolm X has influenced generations of readers. Considering the literary impact of Malcolm X's Autobiography , we may note the tremendous influence of the book, as well as its subject generally, on the development of the Black Arts Movement. Indeed, it was the day after Malcolm's assassination that the poet and playwright, Amiri Baraka , established the Black Arts Repertory Theater, which would serve to catalyze the aesthetic progression of the movement.
She [hooks] is not alone. Ask any middle-aged socially conscious intellectual to list the books that influenced his or her youthful thinking, and he or she will most likely mention The Autobiography of Malcolm X. Some will do more than mention it. Some will say that Got inside them. Altered their vision, their outlook, their insight. Changed their lives.
Autobiography of malcolm x full text
Max Elbaum concurs, writing that " The Autobiography of Malcolm X was without question the single most widely read and influential book among young people of all racial backgrounds who went to their first demonstration sometime between and At the end of his tenure as the first African-American U. Grove Press then published the book later that year.
The Autobiography of Malcolm X has sold well since its publication. In film producer Marvin Worth hired novelist James Baldwin to write a screenplay based on The Autobiography of Malcolm X ; Baldwin was joined by screenwriter Arnold Perl , who died in before the screenplay could be finished. Marable wonders whether this project might have led some within the Nation of Islam and the Federal Bureau of Investigation to try to silence Malcolm X.
The book has been published in more than 45 editions and in many languages, including Arabic, German, French, Indonesian. Important editions include: [ ]. In some editions, it appears at the beginning of the book. Contents move to sidebar hide. Article Talk. Read Edit View history. Tools Tools. Download as PDF Printable version.
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Autobiography of African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist. Summary [ edit ]. Genre [ edit ]. Construction [ edit ]. Narrative presentation [ edit ]. Collaboration between Malcolm X and Haley [ edit ]. Haley, describing work on the manuscript, quoting Malcolm X [ 45 ]. Myth-making [ edit ]. Legacy and influence [ edit ].
Publication and sales [ edit ]. Screenplay adaptations [ edit ]. Missing chapters [ edit ]. Editions [ edit ]. X, Malcolm; Haley, Alex The Autobiography of Malcolm X 1st hardcover ed. New York: Grove Press. OCLC The Autobiography of Malcolm X 1st paperback ed. Random House. ISBN The Autobiography of Malcolm X paperback ed.
Penguin Books. The Autobiography of Malcolm X mass market paperback ed. Ballantine Books.
Autobiography of malcolm x analysis
The Autobiography of Malcolm X audio cassettes ed. Notes [ edit ]. Citations [ edit ]. The New York Times. October 29, S2CID Archived PDF from the original on September 23, Retrieved February 25, June 8,